What is a common-law marriage?

A common-law marriage is characterized by the mutual agreement of partners to consider themselves married, typically established through long-term cohabitation and presentation as a married couple, without the necessity of a formal ceremony or marriage license. This type of marriage is recognized in some jurisdictions, provided certain conditions are met, including cohabitation for a specified period and demonstrating an intent to be married.

The nature of common-law marriage allows couples to enter into a marital relationship based primarily on their actions and shared life rather than through the legal formalities required in traditional marriages. This understanding emphasizes the importance of the couple's commitment to each other and their public representation as married, which is crucial in many legal contexts.

In contrast, the other options specify forms of marriage that involve more formal procedures like legal ceremonies, registration, or the requirement of witnesses, which do not apply to common-law marriages.